Early Life and Ambitions
Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy, in 1451. From a young age, he was fascinated by the sea and dreamt of exploring unknown lands. As trade and exploration flourished in the 15th century, Columbus became a skilled navigator and sailor. Influenced by the idea of finding a faster trade route to Asia, he envisioned sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean to reach the East.
The Journey Across the Atlantic
Columbus struggled for years to gain support for his voyage. Eventually, in 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to sponsor his expedition. With three ships—the Niña, the Pinta, and the Santa María—he set sail from Spain in August 1492. After over two months at sea, on October 12, 1492, his crew spotted land. Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies, but he had actually landed in the Bahamas.
Encounters in the New World
Columbus explored several islands in the Caribbean, including present-day Cuba and Hispaniola. He met native peoples, whom he mistakenly called "Indians." While initial interactions were peaceful, Columbus and his men soon imposed European control, leading to exploitation and violence. His voyages marked the beginning of sustained European colonization in the Americas, drastically affecting indigenous cultures and populations.
Legacy and Controversy
Columbus made four voyages to the New World, never realizing he had discovered a new continent. While many celebrate him as a bold explorer who connected Europe with the Americas, his legacy is controversial. Critics point to the harsh treatment of native peoples and the beginning of transatlantic colonization and slavery. Today, Columbus is viewed by some as a hero and by others as a symbol of colonial oppression.
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